**fgUn etnwj lHkk ds le{k pqukSfr;k**
&Mk0 lquhye~
fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r dk 23 vDVwcj 2010 dks eqEcbZ ds dkexkj dzhMk eSnku] ,yfQLVu eSanku esa fgUn etnwj lHkk esa foy; gks x;kA foy; ds ckn fgUn etnwj lHkk 80 yk[k dkexkjks dk izfrfuf/kRo djus okyh ;wfu;u cu x;h gSA tks ns”k dh ch,e,l rFkk baVd ds ckn rhljs uEcj dh lcls cM+h ;wfu;u gksxhA lEehfydj.k ifj’kn 15 gtkj etnwjks rFkk lektoknh fpUrd lqjsUnz eksgu] lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds iwoZ eq[; U;k;k/kh”k Jh jktsUnz lPpj] vkbZVh;wlh ds egkea=h ,u-lqtwdh] dsUnzh; ea=h “kjn iaokj lfgr nksuks laxBuks ds lHkh izeq[k usrkvks dh mifLFkfr esa gqbZA foy; lEesayu ds nkSjku eqEcbZ ?kks’k.kk tkjh dh xbZA ?kks’k.kk esa fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r }kjk 1948 esa t;izdk”k ukjk;.k] vkj-,l- :bZdj] v”kksd esgrk] euhcsu dkjk] ihOgh dkfuZd ,oa ihMs] esyks }kjk xfBr fgUn etnwj lHkk esa foy; dk Lokxr fd;kA ?kks’k.kk esa dgk x;k gS fd nksuks laxBuks us yksdrkaf=d lektokn dh LFkkiuk ds mn~ns”; ls foy; dk QSlyk fd;k gSA iwath”kkgh vkSj ljdkj }kjk Jfed oxZ ds f[kykQ cukbZ tk jgh uhfr;ksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, bl ,drk dks vko”;d ekuk x;k gSA [kkn~; oLrqvks dh c<+rh dherks] c<+rh csjkstxkjh] rFkk Jfed oxZ dh dher ij iwathifr rcds dks NwV nsus dh uhfr ds pyrs vke vkneh ij iM+us okys cks> fo”ks’k rkSj ij vlaxfBr {ks= ds dkexkjksa ij iM+ jgs ncko rFkk ljdkj dh neudkjh uhfr;ks ls fuiVus ds fy, ,dtqVrk t:jh ekuk x;k gSA lEesayu esa mifLFkr dkexkjks us yksdra= dh tM+ks dks xgjk djus] Jfed oxZ ds oS/kkfud vf/kdjks dks gkfly dj “kks’k.kjfgr U;k;iw.kZ lekt cukus ds fy, la?k’kZ djus dk ladYi fy;kA lEesayu esa “kjnjko dks v/;{k rFkk mejkoey ijksfgr dks egkea=h pquk x;kA
fgUn etnwj lHkk dk xkSjo”kkyh bfrgkl gSA fgUn etnwj lHkk ds usrk “kq: eas vkWy bf.M;k VªsM ;qfu;u dkaxszsl ¼,Vd½ ds lkFk tqM+s gq, Fks ftldk xBu 1920 esa gqvk FkkA ,Vd ds igys v/;{k 1920 eas ykyk yktirjk; cus FksA ,Vd ds lkFk 64 ;wfu;u lEcU/k Fkh rFkk lnL; l[a;k 1]40]854 FkhA 1929 esa ,Vd ds vf/kos”ku esa Jh tokgjyky usg: dh v/;{krk ds ckotwn vUrZjk’Vªh; Lrj ij dE;qfuLVks ds lkFk tqM+us dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA 1931 esa dE;qfuLVks us viuk vyx laxBu jsM VªsM ;wfu;u xfBr fd;k ysfdu vaxzstks }kjk bl laxBu ij jksd yxk, tkus ds ckn fQj dE;qfuLV ,Vd esa “kkfey gks x;sA 1 uoEcj 1934 dks dkaxzsl lks”kfyLV ikVhZ ds usrk t;izdk”k ukjk;.k ehuq elkuh vkSj ,Vd ds gfjukFk “kkL=h] f”koukFk csuthZ] ds chp ,d le>kSrk gqvkA ftlesa ;g r; gqvk fd ,Vd vkSj dkaxzsl lks”kfyLV ikVhZ lkEkzT; fojks/kh xqB ds rkSj ij ,d nqljs dks enn djsaxs rFkk dkaxzsl lks”kfyLV ikVhZ ds usrkvksa }kjk tks Hkh ;wfu;u xfBr dh tk;sxh mUgas ,Vd ls lEc) djk;k tk;sxkA lkFk gh ,Vd esa dkaxzsl lks”kfyLV ikVhZ ds lnL;ksa dks dke djus ds volj iznku fd, tk;sxsaA ;g Hkh r; gqvk fd dkaxzsl lks”kfyLV ikVhZ rFkk dkaxzsl ds ckgj dke djus okyh lks”kfyLV ikVhZ feydj ofdZax Dykl ikVhZ dk xBu djus ij fopkj djsxhA fnlEcj 1934 esa ,d vkSj le>kSrk gqvk ftlesa nksuks laxBuks }kjk feydj ns”kHkj esa dk;Zdze djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA
vktknh feyus&dkaxzsl ljdkj xfBr gksus ds ckn ls gh ljnkj iVsy u, etnwj laxBu cukus ds i{k esa Fks] 3 ebZ 1947 dks bafM;u us”kuy VsªM ;wfu;u dk xBu gqvk ftldh lnL; la[;k 5]75]000 FkhA
24 ebZ 1947 dks MkW0 jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us ubZ VsªM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl cukus dk lq>ko j[kk FkkA tks fd dE;qfuLVks ls vyx gksA mUgksaus dgk fd ubZ Vh;wlh ljdkj ds gfFk;kj u cu tk, blds ckjs esa dbZ “kadk, gSA ysfdu fons”kh gkFkks esa [ksyus okys jk’Vªª fgrks ds f[kykQ esgurd”k oxZ dk ,d laxBu cukuk t:jh gSA mUgksaus dgk fd bldk edln csjkstxkjh [kRe djus] vPNs vkokl vkSj lEekutud thou;ksX; etnwjh fnykuk gksuk pkfg,A mUgksaus ;g Hkh lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd dksbZ Hkh etnwj usrk laln ds fy, pquk tk, rc mls ;wfu;u dk inkf/kdkjh ugha jguk pkfg, rFkk fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks 2 ls vf/kd laxBuks dk inkf/kdkjh ugha gksuk pkfg,A mUgksaus etnwjks ds jktuhfrd f”k{k.k ds fy, “kks/k foHkkx cukus dk lq>ko Hkh fn;k FkkA
1948 esa lks”kfyLV ikVhZ dh NBh dkWQzsal tks 19 ls 21 ekpZ 1948 ds chp gqbZ Fkh] esa egkea=h dh fjiksZV esa dgk x;k fd ,vkbZVh;wlh dks etnwjks ds dsUnzh; laxBuks ds rkSj ij dke djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k rFkk ,vkbZVh;wlh us lks”kfyLV ikVhZ dks Jfed oxZ ds jktuhfrd ny dks leFkZu djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA baVd ds ladhZ.krkoknh rFkk vf/kuk;drkoknh rkSj rjhdks ds pyrs lektokfn;ks dks vyx etnwj laxBu cukus dh vko”;drk eglwl 1942 ds vkUnksyu ds nkSjku baVd esa dke djus okys lektoknh usrkvksa ¼etnwj usrkvks½s dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn dE;qfuLV usrkvksa us dCtk dj fy;k x;k rFkk ,Vd dE;eqfuLVks ds gkFk esa pyh xbZA blds pyrs etcwju lektokfn;ks dks viuk etnwj laxBu cukuk iM+kA
gkykafd 1948 esa gq, NBs lEesayu esa egkea=h }kjk baVd ds ladhZ.krkoknh ,oa vf/kuk;drkoknh rkSj rjhdks ds dkj.k ckdh vU; laxBuks dks feydj etnwj dk ,d l”kDr laxBu cukus dh t:jr crykbZ xbZA baVd dk ljdkj ds lkFk [kMs+ gks tkuk rFkk gM+rkyks dk fojks/k djuk vyx etnwj laxBu cukus dk Hkh ,d dkj.k jgkA ;gk ,d rjQ ,Vd dE;qfuLVks dk laxBuks rFkk nqljh rjQ dkaxzsl& ljdkj dk laxBu baVd cu tkus ds ckn lektokfn;ks us fgUn etnwj iapk;r xBhr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA QkjoMZ Cykd rFkk ,e,u jk; ds etnwj laxBuks us feydj fgUn etnwj lHkk dk xBu fd;kA
Jh t;izdk”k ukjk;.k us lks”kfyLV ikVhZ ds vkBos vf/kos”ku dks enzkl ¼8 ls 12 tqykbZ 1950½ esa egkea=h ds rkSj ij dgk fd eqnzkLQhfr fojks/kh lEesayu rFkk etnwjh ds fxjus dks ysdj cEcbZ esa tks lEesayu cqyk;k Fkk mlh esa fgUn etnwj lHkk xfBr dh xbZA lEesayu esa laxBukRed jiV lglfpo Jh e/kq fye;s }kjk is”k dh xbZ ftlesa ;g dgk x;k fd fgUn etnwj lHkk dh lnL;rk 7]21]592 gSA
1958 esa tc iztk lks”kfyLV ikVhZ dk foHkktu gqvk rFkk 1955 esa MkW0 jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us lks”kfyLV ikVhZ dk xBu fd;k rc Jh tktZ QukZfMl rFkk Jh e/kq fye;s ds usr`Ro esa fgUn etnwj iapk;r dk xBu fd;k x;kA ysfdu 1977 esa t;iqj vf/kos”ku eas fgUn etnwj lHkk esa foy; djus dk QSlyk fd;kA
Qjojh 1979 esa fgUn etnwj iapk;r us fgUn etnwj lHkk ds lkFk foy; eqEcbZ esa fd;k foy; lEesayu dk mn~?kkVu Jh tktZ QukZfMl us fd;kA mUgksaus dgk fd ;g QSlyk blfy;s fd;k tk jgk rkfd yksdrkaf=d lektoknh etnwj vkUnksyu dks ,dtwV fd;k tk ldsA dqN gh o’kkZs esa Jh tktZ QukZfMl dks eglwl gksus yxk fd foy; ds ckn fgUn etnwj lHkk dks ftl rjg ns”k ds etnwjks ds le{k eqn~nks ij la?k’kZ djuk pkfg, FkkA og ugh dj jgh gS fo”ks’k rkSj ij us”kuy flD;ksjVh ,DV] ,”ksaufl;y lfoZlsl eSUVsusl ,DV bUMLVªh;y fMLi;wV vesaMesaV ,DV tSls etnwjks ds vf/kdkjks ij dqBkjk?kkr djus okys dkuwuks ds f[kykQ la?k’kZ ugha fd;kA mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd eqcabZ ds VsDlVkbZM etnwjks us tks vkUnksyu fd;k mls Hkh izHkko”khy rjhds ls leFkZu djus dk dke ugha fd;k x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa vgenkckn esa 19]20 flrEcj 1982 dks ,p0,e0ih0 ds lkFk tqM+s etnwj laxBuksa us fgUn etnwj iapk;r dks iquZxfBr djus dk QSlyk fd;kA vkSipkfjd rkSj ij 18]19 vDVwcaj 1982 dks iVuk ds Jhd`’.kk eseksfj;y gky esa 11 jkT;ks ds 650 izfrfuf/k;ks }kjk fgUn etnwj iapk;r dks iquZxfBr fd;kA ftldk v/;{k tktZ QukZfMl] egkea=h ;qlwQ csx cuk, x,A
1983 ls ysdj vc rd fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r yxkrkj dke djrh jghA Jh tktZ QukZfMl ds ,uMh, esa “kkfey gksus ds ckn fgUn fdlku etnwj fdlku iapk;r ds etnwj usrkvks us feydj Jh tktZ QukZfMl dks laxBu ls i`Fkd djus dk QSlyk vgenkckn lEeasyu es 2003 esa fd;k ftlesa ykypUn esgrks v/;{k pqus x;sA <kbZ lky dh ppkZ ds ckn fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r dk fgUn etnwj lHkk esa 23 vDVwcaj 2010 dks foy; gvkA mEehn dh tkuh pkfg, fd jktuhfrd dkj.kks ls fQj ls fgUn etnwj lHkk esa dksbZ foHkktu ugha gksxk rFkk tks ,dtqVrk&/kqzohdj.k dh izfdz;k “kq: gqbZ gS og yxkrkj c<+rh tk;sxhA mYys[kuh; gS fd fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r ds igys ,p,e,l rFkk ,Vd ds foy; dh izfdz;k xaHkhjrkiwoZd pyh Fkh rFkk ,p,edsih ds lkFk Vh;wlhlh ds foy; dh izfdz;k Hkh ppkZ esa FkhA
fgUn etnwj lHkk us ns”kHkj esa u;h mEehns iSnk dh gSA ;g foy; ml le; gqvk gS tc etnwj vkUnksyu ds izfr ljdkjks dk joS;k neukREkd rFkk vke yksxks dk joS;k vR;ar udkjkRed gSA etnwj vkUnksyu ladV esa gS HkVd x;k gS] ,d le; esa tks etnwj dzkafr ds okgd dgykrs Fks os vkt egxkabZ HkRrk] cksul ,oa vU; lqfo/kk,s ikus dks gh etnwj vkUnkssyu dk mn~ns”; ekuus yxs gSA laxfBr {ks= dk etnwj vlaxfBr {ks=ks ds etnwjks ds fy, “kks’kd oxZ dh Js.kh esa vk x;k gSA etnwjks ds usr`Ro esa loZgkjk dh dzkafr dk liuk Hkh vc lekIr gksus yxk gSA
bl rjg dh reke fVIif.k;k viuh futh oDrO;ksa esa etnwj usrk nch tqcku ls cM+h la[;k esa djrs fn[kykbZ nsus yxs gSA etnwj vkUnksyu ds fojks/kh rks lnk ;g dgrs gh jgs gSA
D;k fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r ds fgUn etnwj lHkk esa foy; ds ckn bl ifjfLFkfr esa dksbZ vUrj vkus okyk gS\D;k ubZ rkdr ,oa ÅtkZ ik ysus ds ckn fgUn etnwj lHkk etnwj vkUnksyu dks pqLr nq:Lr dj cM+s la?k’kZ esa mrkj ldsxh \fgUn etnwj lHkk dk usr`Ro D;k lektoknh vkUnksyu dks jk’Vªh; Lrj ij laxfBr djus dh ftEesankjh ysxk\ D;k fgUn etnwj lHkk vkus okys 50 o’kkZs ds fy, u;k etnwj usr`Ro&u;k lektoknh usr`Ro [kM+k dj ik;sxh\ bu lc laokyks ij fgUn etnwj lHkk ds usr`Ro dks lkspuk pkfg,A
,p,e,l dk usr`Ro ekurk gS fd oS”ohdj.k ,d cM+h pqukSrh gS rks D;k oS”ohdj.k dks jksdus ;kuh Mh XykscykbZts”ku&Mh ekdZsVkbZts”ku ;k ;g dgk tk; fd cktkj ij vadq”k yxkus dh pqukSrh ,p,e,l usr`Ro Lohdkj djsaxk\ D;k blds fy, dksbZ Bksl dk;Zdze cuk;k tk;sxk\
jkT; ¼LVsV½ ls mEehn dh tkrh Fkh fd og etnwjks dks laj{k.k nsxkA ysfdu oS”ohdj.k] cktkjhdj.k ds nkSj us bl mEehn dks /kkjk”kkgh dj fn;kA jkT; vc dEifu;ks dks izksRlkgu nsus okys ra= ds rkSj ij fn[kykbZ iM+rk gSA tks dEifu;ks dks ywVus dk gj Lrj ij volj nsus dk bartke djrk gSA D;k ,p,e,l jkT; ds dY;k.kdkjh Lo:Ik dks okil ykus ds fy, la?k’kZ dk dksbZ Bksl ;kstuk cuk,xk \
etnwj vkUnksyu ds le{k cM+k iz”u Ik;kZoj.k cpkus dk gSA ftlds lkFk ekuork dk vfLrRo tqM+k gqvk gSA vHkh rd Hkkjrh; etnwj vkUnksyu us Ik;kZoj.k rFkk iznw’k.k ds eqn~ns dks vge eqn~nk ugha ekuk gSA dkj[kkuks ds }kjk QSyk;s tkus okys iznw’k.k ls ihfM+r fdlku rFkk xzkeh.k rks bl eqn~ns ij la?k’kZ djrs ns[ks tkrs gSA ysfdu VsªM ;wfu;u blesa cgqr de :fp ysrh gSA iznw’k.k rFkk Ik;kZoj.k ds lEcU/k rduhd ls gSA Dyhu VsDukykWth]Ik;kZoj.keq[kh rduhd dks bLrseky dkj[kkus esa gks ;g vke rkSj ij etnwj laxBu dh :fp dk fo’k; ugha jgk gSA D;k ,p,e,l usr`Ro bl fn”kk eas dke djsxk\ etnwjks esa Ik;kZoj.k iznw’k.k ds eqn~ns dks ysdj tkx:drk ,oa laosnu”khyrk iSnkdj gh bl fn”kk esa c<+uk lEHko gS D;k ,p,e,l etnwjks dks fn, tkus okys izf”k{k.k ds nkSjku bl fo’k; dks mruk egRo nsuk “kq: djsxhA ftruh dh bls t:jr gSA Xykscy okfeZax] vks>ksu ys;j fMIyh”ku tSls eqn~nks dk lEcU/k miHkksxoknh i)fr ls gSA vf/kd ls vf/kd miHkksx] vf/kd ls vf/kd lqfo/kk ikus dh ykylk gol dk :Ik ys pqdh gSA tks izkd`frd lalk/kuks va/kk/kqa/k nksgu dk dkj.k gSA lknxh gh bldk rksM+ gSA D;k ,p,e,l thoun`f’V cnyus dh vko”;drk dks Lohdkj dj vkxs c<+us dks rS;kj gksxh\
laxfBr {ks= ds etnwj vlaxfBr {ks= ds etnwjks ds i{k eas dHkh vkUnksyu djrs fn[kykbZ ugha nsrs gSA Hkys gh nqfu;k ds etnwjks ,d gks] ukjk yxk;k tkrk gks ysfdu vkerkSj ij fuekZ.k etnwjks] gEekyks] Bsyk] xqeBh okyks lQkbZ dkexkjks] [ksfrgj] etnwjks] efgyk etnwjks ds la?k’kkZs esa laxfBr {ks= ds laxBuks dks :fp ysrs gq, ughs ns[kk tkrk gSA ;g n`f’Vdks.k vkSj le> dk loky gS tks lh/ks lh/ks oSpkfjd izfrc)rrk ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gSA ewy fo’k; ;g gS fd ftl vk/kkj ij laxfBr {ks= ds etnwjks dks osru fn;k tkrk gS ;kuh ,d O;fDr dek, vkSj iwjk ?kj [kk, rFkk c<+rh egxkabZ ds lkFk egxkabZ HkRrk c<+rk tk,A cksul] vksOgjVkbZe] NqfV~V;k rFkk LokLF; lsok,as Hkh feysA lektoknh isfjVh vkWQ osts”k ckr djrs jgs gS rFkk isfjVh vkWQ izkbZts”k dh ckr Hkh gksrh jgh gSA ysfdu nksuks fopkjks dks D;k laxfBr {ks= dk etnwj vkUnksyu vius eqn~ns ekudj orZeku HksnHkkoiw.kZ uhfr dks lekIr djkus ds fy, dksbZ la?k’kZ djus dks rS;kj gksxk ftldk tokc ,p,e,l usr`Ro dks nsuk gksxkA fdlku vkSj vlaxfBr {ks= ds etnwjks lfgr ds fy, ;g lcls egRoiw.kZ eqn~nk gS fd ftl vk/kkj ij laxfBr {ks= ds etnwj dk osru r; gksrk gS ogh vk/kkj fdlkuks dk leFkZu ewY; r; djrs le; rFkk vlaxfBr {ks= dh etnwjh r; djrs le; ykxw fd;k tk;A
u”kk[kksjh dk loky uSfrd ewY;ksa dk iru ds lkFk lkFk LokLF; laca/kh leL;kvks] ?kjsyw fgalk] dkuwu O;oLFkk dh fcxM+rh fLFkfr ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gSA u”kk[kksjh ij jksd&“kjkcanh] dks ysdj ,d le; “kadj xqgk fu;ksxh us vius ;wfu;u dh rjQ ls tcjnLr vfHk;ku pyk;k FkkA “kjkc cukus okyh dEiuh vkSj Bsdsnkjks us mudh gR;k djkbZA D;k fgUn etnwj lHkk dk usr`Ro u”kkcanh vkUnksyu dks etnwj vkUnksyu dk izeq[k eqn~nk cuk ik,sxk\ “kjkc ls lcls T;knk izHkkfor “kjkc ihus okys dk ?kj ifjokj gksrk gS bl dkj.k ;wfu;u dks dsoy dk;ZLFky ij lhfer u jgdj dkexkj ds ?kj rd igqapuk gksxkA
yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkjks dh j{kk ;qfu;uks ds fy, gj le; ,d cM+k eqn~nk jgk gSA ljdkjks esa lnk etnwj vkUnksyuks dks dqpyus ds fy, neudkjh rjhdks dkuwuks dk bLrseky fd;k gSA fQygky rks fLFkfr cnrj gks xbZ gS ljdkj Je dkuwuks dk ikyu djkuk Hkh viuh ftEesankjh ugha eku jgh gSA u, ,lhtsM {ks= esa ljdkjs ckdk;nk dEifu;ks dk ,ts.V cudj ;wfu;uks ds xBu ij v?kksf’kr jksd yxkus dk dke dj jgh gSA Je foHkkx dks yxkrkj detksj djrs gq, Je dkuwuks dks /krk fn[kkus dk dke ljdkjks }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA fgUn etnwj lHkk Je dkuwuks ds ikyu ds fy, yxkrkj la?k’kZjr jgh gSA vc lSdM+ks o’kkZs ds la?k’kZ ds ckn etnwjks }kjk gkfly fd, x, vf/kdkjks dks cpk, j[kus dh eq[; pqukSrh fgUn etnwj ds lkeus gSA ysfdu D;k etnwj laxBu dsoy vius dk;Z{ks= rd gh lhfer jgsaxs ;k iwjs ns”k esa yksdra= dks cpkus rFkk etcwrh nsus ds fy, dke djsaxs\ D;k ,p,e,p dks d”ehj rFkk ef.kiqj esa ykxw vkElZ QkslZ Lis”ky ikolZ ,DV dks [kRe dju ds fy, yM+kbZ ugha yM+us ds fy, rS;kj gksxhA
ns”k ds lkeus ladh.kZrkokfn;ks rFkk lkEiaznk;okfn;ks dk QSyko QkflLV Lo:Ik ysrk tk jgk gSaA etnwjks ds chp lkEiznkf;d laxBu bruh iSB dj pqds gS fd Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k tks fd vkj,l,l }kjk lapkfyr etnwj laxBu gSA ns”k dk lcls cM+k laxBu cu pqdk gSA 1920 esa cuh ,Vd rFkk 1948 esa cuh fgUn etnwj lHkk rFkk baVd ;fn 23 tqykbZ ls 1955 esa cuh Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k ls ihNs gSA ;g crkrk gS fd lkEiaznkf;drk etnwj vkUnksyu esa Hkh Nk;h gqbZ gSA bl ij vadq”k yxkuk] vFkkZr Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k ij vadq”k yxkuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA
okeiaFkh] lektoknh fopkj ls tqMs+ etnwj laxBuks ds fy, ;g lcls vge pqukSrh gSA fgUn etnwj lHkk] vkSj ,Vd ,oa vU; okeiaFkh ;qfu;uks ds chp lkEiznkf;d ch,e,l dks jksdus dh dksbZ j.kuhfr cuuh gh pkfg,A bl fn”kk esa ,p,e,l dk usr`Ro yxkrkj igy djrk jgk gSA ns[kuk gS fd ;g igy dc dke;kc gksrh gSA foy; ds ek/;e ls ,p,e,l us vU; laxBuks ds le{k mnkgj.k is”k fd;k gSA
foy; lEesayu esa fgUn etnwj lHkk dks ns”k dk uEcj ,d laxBu cukus dk ladYi fy;k x;k gSA ysfdu ;g ladYi D;k dsoy D;k la[;k cy gkfly djus rd lhefr jgsxk ;k lektokn ds fopkj dks ns”k esa LFkkfir djus rFkk ns”k es lerk vkSj le`f) ykuk bldk mn~ns”; gksxkA ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ rF; gS fd fgUn etnwj dHkh Hkh fdlh jktuhfrd ny ds lkFk lEc) ugha jgh gS rFkk ns”kHkj esa lfdz; lektoknh ikVhZ;ks ds lkFk ,p,e,l foy; lEesayu ds ckn Hkh dksbZ lEc)rrk ugha j[kus okyh gSA
fgUn etnwj lHkk ds xBu ls ysdj vkt rd mldk usr`Ro lektoknh jgkA tsih]v”kksd esgrk ds ckn e/kq n.Mors ,oa lqjsUnz eksgu us yEcs le; rd ,p,e,l dks jktuhfrd usr`Ro iznku fd;kA fgUn etnwj iapk;r dks jktuhfrd usr`Ro MkW0 jkeeuksgj yksfg;k ls ysdj tktZ QukZfMl] e/kq fye;s us fn;kA ysfdu 2003 ds ckn “kjn iokj fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r ds jktuhfrd laj{kd cu x,A fgUn etnwj lHkk ds usr`Ro dks vc ;g r; djuk gksxk fd bUgsa lektoknh jktuhfrd usr`Ro dh t:jr gS ;k os lRrk ds lkFk feydj VªsM ;wfu;u pykuk pkgrs gSA gkykafd fgUn etnwj lHkk dks lektoknh fopkj ds lHkh nyks dk lg;ksx feyrk jgk gS rFkk mlus dHkh Hkh ”kh’kZ ij dkaxzsl ;k jk’Vªoknh dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro dks ,p,e,l ds usr`Ro esa txg ugha nh gSA
“kjn iaokj egkjk’Vª ds lektokfn;ks ds lnk utnhd jgs gS mlh dk ifj.kke jgk fd os fgUn etnwj fdlku iapk;r ds jktuhfrd laj{kd cu x,A ysfdu ns”k esa ;fn lektoknh vkUnksyu dks ns”k ds Lrj ij etcwrh nsuk gks rks “kjn iaokj ds usr`Ro esa ;g lEHko ugha gSA “kjn iaokj ns”k esa iwathokfn;ks ,oa cgqjk’Vªh; dEifu;ks ds ;kuh dkikZsjsV ds izfrfuf/k ekus tkrs gSA d`f’k {ks= esa vkS|ksfxd [ksrh rFkk thu la”kksf/kr chtks ,oa [kk| inkFkkZs],lbtsM+ dks c<+kok nsus esa “kjn iaokj dh eq[; Hkwfedk gSA gks ldrk gS foy; ds iwoZ fgefdi usr`Ro dh viuh dqN jktuhfrd etcwfj;k jgh gksA ysfdu mu etcwfj;ks dks etnwj vkUnksyu dh etcwjh ugha cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g lgh gS fd lEesayu dk mn~?kkVu ;k lekiu djus ls usr`Ro fdlh ds gkFk ugha pyk tkrkA ;g Hkh lgh gS fd jkste;kZ ds dkeks ds fy, ljdkj ds eaf=;ks ds t:jr iM+rh gS ysfdu blds ckotwn etnwjks ds chp Hkze dh fLFkfr u cus rFkk usr`Ro ljdkj ds lkFk le>kSrkoknh joS;k viuk jgk gS ;g lksp u cus blds fy, t:jh gS fd fgUn etnwj lHkk lektoknh ikVhZ;ks ds usr`Ro dks vkxs j[ks tSlk ,p,e,l yxkrkj djrh jgh gSA
fgUn etnwj lHkk dks viuh oSpkfjd izfrc)rrk dks iSuk djus ds fy, rFkk laxBu ds foLrkj ds fy, ;qok efgykvksa vYila[;dks nfyr rFkk fiNMs oxZ ds usr`Ro dks vkxs c<+kus dh t:jr gksxhA
ns”k esa reke lektoknh fopkj dh ikVhZ;k dke dj jgh gSA ysfdu fdlh Hkh ikVhZ ds }kjk i<+k fy[kk izfrc) oSpkfjd dk;ZdrkZ rS;kj djus dk dksbZ ra= ugha gS ;fn lektoknh vkUnksyu dks ns”k esa iquZLFkkfir djuk fgUn etnwj lHkk viuk mn~ns”; ekurh gS rks mls cM+s iSekus ij lektoknh dSMj dks rS;kj djus dh ftEesankjh vius gkFk esa ysuh gksxhA ;wfu;u esa inkf/kdkjh cuus rFkk izns”k vkSj ns”k ds Lrj ij usr`Ro djus dk vk/kkj tc lektoknh izf”k{k.k f”kfojks ls tksM+ fn;k tk;sxk rHkh lektoknh vkUnksyu etcwr gksxkA ,p,e,l dks cM+s iSekus ij iw.kZdkfyd dk;ZdrkZ fudkydj ;kstukc) rjhds ls lektoknh vkUnksyu dks iq[rk rkSj ij [kMs djus dh ftEesankjh ysuh gksxhA mEehn djuh pkfg, dh fgUn etnwj lHkk dk fnYyh esa viuk Hkou cu tkus ds ckn dsUnzh; dk;kZy; ls ;g dke tksj “kksj ls ns”kHkj esa “kq: gks ldsxkA
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,&7 lgdkjh ifjlj] dYiuk uxj]jk;lsu jksM+ Hkksiky e0iz0
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